{"id":7874,"date":"2023-04-10T15:29:54","date_gmt":"2023-04-10T09:59:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/physicscatalyst.com\/article\/?p=7874"},"modified":"2023-04-10T15:29:57","modified_gmt":"2023-04-10T09:59:57","slug":"principal-solutions-of-trigonometric-equations","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/physicscatalyst.com\/article\/principal-solutions-of-trigonometric-equations\/","title":{"rendered":"Principal Solutions of Trigonometric equations"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Trigonometric equations are equations that involve trigonometric functions like sine, cosine, tangent, etc. The principal solutions of a trigonometric equation are the solutions that lie within a single period of the function i.e.. 0 to $2\\pi$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Principal Solution:<\/em>\u00a0The solution in the range $0  \\le  x  \\le 2\\pi$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How to find the Principal Solutions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>We can easily find the Principal solutions using below method<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> (1)Now we know that from &#8221; ALL SILVER TEA CUPS&#8221;<br>Sin is positive in First and second  and it is negative in 3rd and 4th Quadrant<br>Cos is positive in First and fourth and it is negative in 2 and 4th Quadrant<br>tan is positive in first and third and its negative in  2 and 3 quadrant<br><br>Hence if the sin is positive, the principal solution will in first and second quadrant and  if it is negative , principal solutions will be third and fourth quadrant<br>if the cos is positive, the principal solution will in first and fourth quadrant and  if it is negative , principal solutions will be second and third quadrant<br>if the tan is positive, the principal solution will in first and third quadrant and  if it is negative , principal solutions will be second and fourth quadrant<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(2)Now we are also aware of these identities<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"798\" height=\"157\" src=\"https:\/\/physicscatalyst.com\/article\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/principal-solutions-of-trigonometric-equations.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7875\" srcset=\"https:\/\/physicscatalyst.com\/article\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/principal-solutions-of-trigonometric-equations.png 798w, https:\/\/physicscatalyst.com\/article\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/principal-solutions-of-trigonometric-equations-300x59.png 300w, https:\/\/physicscatalyst.com\/article\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/principal-solutions-of-trigonometric-equations-768x151.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 798px) 100vw, 798px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>This table is very easy to remember, as each correspond to same function. The sign is decided by the corresponding sign of the trigonometric function of the angle in the quadrant<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(3) Now we need to Find the value of the angle using the positive value.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(4) Now using the above identities and sign knowledge , we can find the principle values<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Example 1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>$\\sin x = \\frac {1}{2}$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here it is positive, so the principal values will be in first and second quadrant<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>we can write as<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>$\\sin x = \\sin \\frac {\\pi}{6}$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So one principle value will be $\\frac {\\pi}{6}$<br>Now we know that other will be in second quadrant, so from the table taking the second quadrant identity<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>$sin (\\pi -x) = sin x$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>$\\sin (\\pi &#8211; \\frac {\\pi}{6})  = \\sin\\frac {\\pi}{6}$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>or<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>$\\sin \\frac {5 \\pi}{6} = \\sin\\frac {\\pi}{6}$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hence the second value is $\\frac {5\\pi}{6}$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So, principal values are $\\frac {\\pi}{6}$ and $\\frac {5\\pi}{6}$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Example 2<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>$\\sin x = -\\frac {1}{2}$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here it is negative, so the principal values will be in third and fourth quadrant<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>we can write as<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>$\\sin x = -\\sin \\frac {\\pi}{6}$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Now we know that first will be in third quadrant, so from the table taking the third quadrant identity<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>$sin (\\pi +x) = -sin x$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>$sin (\\pi + \\frac {\\pi}{6}) = -\\sin \\frac {\\pi}{6}$<br>$sin \\frac {7\\pi}{6}= -\\sin \\frac {\\pi}{6}$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So first principal value is $\\frac {7\\pi}{6}$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Now we know that second will be in fourth quadrant, so from the table taking the fourth quadrant identity<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>$sin (2\\pi  &#8211; x) = -sin x$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>$sin (2\\pi &#8211; \\frac {\\pi}{6}) = -\\sin \\frac {\\pi}{6}$<br>$sin \\frac {11\\pi}{6}= -\\sin \\frac {\\pi}{6}$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So first principal value is $\\frac {11\\pi}{6}$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So, principal values are $\\frac {7\\pi}{6}$ and $\\frac {11\\pi}{6}$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Example <\/strong>3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>$\\cos x = \\frac {1}{2}$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here it is positive, so the principal values will be in first and fourth quadrant<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>we can write as<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>$\\cos x = \\cos \\frac {\\pi}{3}$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So one principle value will be $\\frac {\\pi}{3}$<br>Now we know that other will be in fourth quadrant, so from the table taking the fourth quadrant identity<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>$cos (2\\pi -x) = cos x$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>$\\cos (2\\pi &#8211; \\frac {\\pi}{3})  = \\cos \\frac {\\pi}{3}$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>or<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>$\\cos \\frac {5 \\pi}{3} = \\cos \\frac {\\pi}{3}$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hence the second value is $\\frac {5\\pi}{3}$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So, principal values are $\\frac {\\pi}{3}$ and $\\frac {5\\pi}{3}$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Example <\/strong>4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>$\\cos x = -\\frac {1}{2}$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here it is negative, so the principal values will be in second and third quadrant<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>we can write as<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>$\\cos x = -\\cos \\frac {\\pi}{3}$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Now we know that first will be in second quadrant, so from the table taking the second quadrant identity<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>$cos (\\pi -x) = -cos x$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>$\\cos (\\pi &#8211; \\frac {\\pi}{3})  =- \\cos \\frac {\\pi}{3}$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>or<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>$\\cos \\frac {2 \\pi}{3} = -\\cos \\frac {\\pi}{3}$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hence the First  value is $\\frac {2\\pi}{3}$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Now we know that second will be in third quadrant, so from the table taking the third quadrant identity<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>$cos (\\pi +x) = -cos x$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>$\\cos (\\pi + \\frac {\\pi}{3})  =- \\cos \\frac {\\pi}{3}$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>or<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>$\\cos \\frac {4 \\pi}{3} = -\\cos \\frac {\\pi}{3}$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hence the second   value is $\\frac {4\\pi}{3}$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So, principal values are $\\frac {2\\pi}{3}$ and $\\frac {4\\pi}{3}$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Example <\/strong>5<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>$\\tan x = 1$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here it is positive, so the principal values will be in first and third quadrant<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>we can write as<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>$\\tan x = \\tan \\frac {\\pi}{4}$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So one principle value will be $\\frac {\\pi}{4}$<br>Now we know that other will be in third quadrant, so from the table taking the third quadrant identity<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>$tan (\\pi +x) = tan x$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>$\\tan (\\pi + \\frac {\\pi}{4})  = \\tan \\frac {\\pi}{4}$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>or<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>$\\tan \\frac {5 \\pi}{4} = \\tan \\frac {\\pi}{4}$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hence the second value is $\\frac {5\\pi}{4}$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So, principal values are $\\frac {\\pi}{4}$ and $\\frac {5\\pi}{4}$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Example <\/strong>6<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>$\\tan x == 1$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here it is negative, so the principal values will be in second and fourth quadrant<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>we can write as<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>$\\tan x = -\\tan \\frac {\\pi}{4}$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Now we know that first will be in second quadrant, so from the table taking the second quadrant identity<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>$tan (\\pi -x) = -tan x$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>$\\tan (\\pi &#8211; \\frac {\\pi}{4})  = -\\tan \\frac {\\pi}{4}$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>or<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>$\\tan \\frac {3 \\pi}{4} =- \\tan \\frac {\\pi}{4}$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hence the first value is $\\frac {3\\pi}{4}$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Now we know that second will be in fourth quadrant, so from the table taking the fourth quadrant identity<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>$tan (2\\pi -x) = -tan x$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>$\\tan (2\\pi &#8211; \\frac {\\pi}{4})  = -\\tan \\frac {\\pi}{4}$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>or<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>$\\tan \\frac {7 \\pi}{4} =- \\tan \\frac {\\pi}{4}$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hence the first value is $\\frac {7\\pi}{4}$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So, principal values are $\\frac {3\\pi}{4}$ and $\\frac {7\\pi}{4}$<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Trigonometric equations are equations that involve trigonometric functions like sine, cosine, tangent, etc. The principal solutions of a trigonometric equation are the solutions that lie within a single period of the function i.e.. 0 to $2\\pi$ Principal Solution:\u00a0The solution in the range $0 \\le x \\le 2\\pi$ How to find the Principal Solutions We can [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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equations are equations that involve trigonometric functions like sine, cosine, tangent, etc. The principal solutions of a trigonometric equation are the solutions that lie within a single period of the function i.e.. 0 to $2\\pi$ Principal Solution:\u00a0The solution in the range $0 \\le x \\le 2\\pi$ How to find the Principal Solutions We 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