{"id":8930,"date":"2024-01-28T19:15:56","date_gmt":"2024-01-28T13:45:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/physicscatalyst.com\/article\/?p=8930"},"modified":"2024-01-28T19:16:35","modified_gmt":"2024-01-28T13:46:35","slug":"integration-of-1-a2-x2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/physicscatalyst.com\/article\/integration-of-1-a2-x2\/","title":{"rendered":"integration of 1\/a^2+ x^2, 1\/a^2- x^2, 1\/x^2 -a^2"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Integration of 1\/a^2+ x^2, 1\/a^2- x^2, 1\/x^2 -a^2 can be obtained using trigonometric substitution, integration by partial fractions. The formula given are<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>$\\int \\frac {1}{x^2 + a^2} dx = \\frac {1}{a} \\tan ^{-1} (\\frac {x}{a}) + C$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>$\\int \\frac {1}{x^2 &#8211; a^2} dx = \\frac {1}{2a} ln |\\frac {x-a}{x+a}| + C$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>$\\int \\frac {1}{a^2 &#8211; x^2} dx = \\frac {1}{2a} ln |\\frac {a+x}{a-x}| + C$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Proof of integration of 1\/a^2+ x^2<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>This can be derived using trigonometric substitution and trigonometric identities<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>$\\int \\frac {1}{x^2 + a^2} dx = \\frac {1}{a} \\tan ^{-1} (\\frac {x}{a}) + C$<br><strong>Proof<\/strong><br>Put $x =a \\tan \\theta$ <br>then <br>$dx= a \\sec^2 \\theta d\\theta$<br>Therefore<br>$\\int \\frac {1}{x^2 + a^2} dx$<br>$=\\int \\frac {a \\sec^2 \\theta}{a^2 \\tan^2 \\theta + a^2} d\\theta$<br>Now $\\sec^2 \\theta = \\tan^2 \\theta + 1$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Therefore<br>$=\\frac {1}{a} \\int d\\theta= \\frac {1}{a} \\theta + C $<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Substituting back the values<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>$= \\frac {1}{a} \\tan ^{-1} (\\frac {x}{a}) + C$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Proof of integration of 1\/a^2 &#8211; x^2<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>This can be derived using integration by partial fractions<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>$\\int \\frac {1}{a^2 &#8211; x^2} dx = \\frac {1}{2a} ln |\\frac {a+x}{a-x}| + C$<br><strong>Proof<\/strong><br>Using partial fraction technique<br>$\\frac {1}{a^2 &#8211; x^2} = \\frac {A}{a-x} + \\frac {B}{a+x}$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Solving for A and B , we get <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>$\\frac {1}{a^2 &#8211; x^2} =\\frac {1}{2a}[ \\frac {1}{a-x} + \\frac {1}{a+x}]$<br>So<br>$\\int \\frac {1}{a^2 &#8211; x^2} dx $<br>$=\\frac {1}{2a}[ \\int \\frac {1}{a-x} dx + \\int \\frac {1}{x+a}]$<br>$= \\frac {1}{2a}[-ln |a-x| + ln |a+x| + C$<br>$=\\frac {1}{2a} ln |\\frac {a+x}{a-x}| + C$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Proof of integration of 1\/x^2 &#8211; a^2<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>This can be derived using integration by partial fractions<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>$\\int \\frac {1}{x^2 &#8211; a^2} dx = \\frac {1}{2a} ln |\\frac {x-a}{x+a}| + C$<br><strong>Proof<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Using partial fraction technique<br>$\\frac {1}{x^2 &#8211; a^2} = \\frac {A}{x-a} + \\frac {B}{x+a}$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Solving for A and B , we get <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>$\\frac {1}{x^2 &#8211; a^2} =\\frac {1}{2a}[ \\frac {1}{x-a} &#8211; \\frac {1}{x+a}]$<br>So<br>$\\int \\frac {1}{x^2 &#8211; a^2} dx $<br>$=\\frac {1}{2a}[ \\int \\frac {1}{x-a} dx &#8211; \\int \\frac {1}{x+a}]$<br>$= \\frac {1}{2a}[ln |x-a| &#8211; ln |x+a| + C$<br>$=\\frac {1}{2a} ln |\\frac {x-a}{x+a}| + C$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Integration Based on the above<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>$\\int \\frac {1}{ax^2 + bx + c} dx$<br><br>This integral can be converted to the form A,B, C given above using completing the square method and can be evaluated using the formula<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Solved Examples<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Question 1:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>$$ \\int \\frac{1}{x^2 + 4} \\, dx $$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Solution<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In this case, $ a^2 = 4 $, so $ a = 2 $. Using the formula:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>$$ \\int \\frac {1}{x^2 + a^2} \\, dx = \\frac {1}{a} \\tan ^{-1} \\left( \\frac {x}{a} \\right) + C $$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>we get:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>$$ \\int \\frac{1}{x^2 + 4} \\, dx = \\frac {1}{2} \\tan ^{-1} \\left( \\frac {x}{2} \\right) + C $$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Question 2:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>$$ \\int \\frac{1}{9x^2 + 1} \\, dx $$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Solution<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here, we need to bring the denominator to the form $ x^2 + a^2 $. We can rewrite $ 9x^2 + 1 $ as $ (3x)^2 + 1^2 $. Thus, $ a = 1 $ and the integral becomes:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>$$ \\int \\frac{1}{9x^2 + 1} \\, dx = \\int \\frac{1}{(3x)^2 + 1^2} \\, dx $$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Using the formula:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>$$ \\int \\frac {1}{x^2 + a^2} \\, dx = \\frac {1}{a} \\tan ^{-1} \\left( \\frac {x}{a} \\right) + C $$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>we get:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>$$ \\int \\frac{1}{9x^2 + 1} \\, dx = \\frac {1}{3} \\tan ^{-1} (3x) + C $$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Question 3:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>$$ \\int \\frac{1}{9 &#8211; x^2} \\, dx $$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Solution<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In this case, $ a^2 = 9 $, so $ a = 3 $. Using the formula, the integral becomes:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>$$ \\int \\frac{1}{9 &#8211; x^2} \\, dx = \\frac{1}{2 \\times 3} \\ln \\left| \\frac{3 + x}{3 &#8211; x} \\right| + C $$<br>$$ = \\frac{1}{6} \\ln \\left| \\frac{3 + x}{3 &#8211; x} \\right| + C $$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Question 4:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>$$ \\int \\frac{1}{1 &#8211; 4x^2} \\, dx $$<br><strong>Solution<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here, we can rewrite $ 1 &#8211; 4x^2 $ as $ (1)^2 &#8211; (2x)^2 $. Thus, $ a = 1 $ and the integral becomes:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>$$ \\int \\frac{1}{1 &#8211; 4x^2} \\, dx = \\int \\frac{1}{1^2 &#8211; (2x)^2} \\, dx $$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Using the formula, we get:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>$$ \\int \\frac{1}{1 &#8211; 4x^2} \\, dx = \\frac{1}{2} \\ln \\left| \\frac{1 + 2x}{1 &#8211; 2x} \\right| + C $$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Question 5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>$$\\int \\frac {1}{x^2 + 2x + 7} \\; dx$$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Solution<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To integrate the function $\\int \\frac {1}{x^2 + 2x + 7} \\, dx$, we can use a method involving completing the square and then applying a standard integral formula. The goal is to transform the quadratic in the denominator into a form that resembles the sum of a square and a constant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Complete the Square:<br>The complete square form of $x^2 + 2x + 7$ is $(x + 1)^2 + 6$.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Apply the Integral Formula:<br>The integral now takes the form $\\int \\frac {1}{(x + 1)^2 + 6} \\, dx$. This resembles the integral of the form $\\int \\frac {1}{u^2 + a^2} \\, du$, which is solved as $\\frac {1}{a} \\tan ^{-1} \\left( \\frac {u}{a} \\right) + C$.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Let $u = x + 1$ and $a^2 = 6$ (so $a = \\sqrt{6}$), then du =dx<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>$$ \\int \\frac {1}{x^2 + 2x + 7} \\, dx = \\int \\frac {1}{u^2 + (\\sqrt{6})^2} \\, du $$<br>Applying the formula<br>$= \\frac{1}{\\sqrt{6}} \\tan^{-1}\\left(\\frac{u}{\\sqrt{6}(}\\right) + C$<br>Substituting back<br>$=\\frac{1}{\\sqrt{6}} \\tan^{-1}\\left(\\frac{\\sqrt{6}(x + 1)}{6}\\right) + C $$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-ast-global-color-4-background-color has-background is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-ca99af60 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"border-radius:17px;margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">Other Integration Related Articles<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-regular\" style=\"padding-right:0;padding-left:0;font-size:16px\"><table style=\"border-style:none;border-width:0px\"><tbody><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/physicscatalyst.com\/article\/integration-of-modulus-function\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"8632\">Integration of modulus function<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/physicscatalyst.com\/article\/integration-of-tan-x\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"8622\">Integration of tan x<\/a><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/physicscatalyst.com\/article\/integration-of-sec-x\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"8628\">Integration of sec x<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/physicscatalyst.com\/article\/integration-of-greatest-integer-function\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"8599\">Integration of greatest integer function<\/a><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/physicscatalyst.com\/article\/integration-of-trigonometric-functions\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"8595\">Integration of trigonometric functions<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/physicscatalyst.com\/article\/integration-of-cot-x\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"8591\">Integration of cot x<\/a><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/physicscatalyst.com\/article\/integration-of-cosec-x\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"8548\">Integration of cosec x<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/physicscatalyst.com\/article\/integration-of-sinx\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"8530\">Integration of sinx<\/a><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/physicscatalyst.com\/article\/integration-of-irrational-functions\/\">Integration of irrational functions<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/physicscatalyst.com\/article\/integration-of-root-x\/\">integration of root x<\/a><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/physicscatalyst.com\/article\/integration-of-fractional-part-of-x\/\">Integration of fractional part of x<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/physicscatalyst.com\/article\/integration-of-cos-square-x\/\">Integration of cos square x<\/a><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Integration of 1\/a^2+ x^2, 1\/a^2- x^2, 1\/x^2 -a^2 can be obtained using trigonometric substitution, integration by partial fractions. The formula given are $\\int \\frac {1}{x^2 + a^2} dx = \\frac {1}{a} \\tan ^{-1} (\\frac {x}{a}) + C$ $\\int \\frac {1}{x^2 &#8211; a^2} dx = \\frac {1}{2a} ln |\\frac {x-a}{x+a}| + C$ $\\int \\frac {1}{a^2 &#8211; [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[498],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8930","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-maths"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>integration of 1\/a^2+ x^2, 1\/a^2- x^2, 1\/x^2 -a^2 - physicscatalyst&#039;s Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/physicscatalyst.com\/article\/integration-of-1-a2-x2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"integration of 1\/a^2+ x^2, 1\/a^2- x^2, 1\/x^2 -a^2 - physicscatalyst&#039;s Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Integration of 1\/a^2+ x^2, 1\/a^2- x^2, 1\/x^2 -a^2 can be obtained using trigonometric substitution, integration by partial fractions. The formula given are $int frac {1}{x^2 + a^2} dx = frac {1}{a} tan ^{-1} (frac {x}{a}) + C$ $int frac {1}{x^2 &#8211; a^2} dx = frac {1}{2a} ln |frac {x-a}{x+a}| + C$ $int frac {1}{a^2 &#8211; [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/physicscatalyst.com\/article\/integration-of-1-a2-x2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"physicscatalyst&#039;s Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/PhysicsCatalyst\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/PhysicsCatalyst\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-01-28T13:45:56+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-01-28T13:46:35+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"physicscatalyst\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"physicscatalyst\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"integration of 1\/a^2+ x^2, 1\/a^2- x^2, 1\/x^2 -a^2 - physicscatalyst&#039;s Blog","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/physicscatalyst.com\/article\/integration-of-1-a2-x2\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"integration of 1\/a^2+ x^2, 1\/a^2- x^2, 1\/x^2 -a^2 - physicscatalyst&#039;s Blog","og_description":"Integration of 1\/a^2+ x^2, 1\/a^2- x^2, 1\/x^2 -a^2 can be obtained using trigonometric substitution, integration by partial fractions. The formula given are $int frac {1}{x^2 + a^2} dx = frac {1}{a} tan ^{-1} (frac {x}{a}) + C$ $int frac {1}{x^2 &#8211; a^2} dx = frac {1}{2a} ln |frac {x-a}{x+a}| + C$ $int frac {1}{a^2 &#8211; [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/physicscatalyst.com\/article\/integration-of-1-a2-x2\/","og_site_name":"physicscatalyst&#039;s Blog","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/PhysicsCatalyst","article_author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/PhysicsCatalyst","article_published_time":"2024-01-28T13:45:56+00:00","article_modified_time":"2024-01-28T13:46:35+00:00","author":"physicscatalyst","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"physicscatalyst","Est. reading time":"4 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/physicscatalyst.com\/article\/integration-of-1-a2-x2\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/physicscatalyst.com\/article\/integration-of-1-a2-x2\/"},"author":{"name":"physicscatalyst","@id":"https:\/\/physicscatalyst.com\/article\/#\/schema\/person\/9b302efdc9b32e459cb1e61ab7506d3f"},"headline":"integration of 1\/a^2+ x^2, 1\/a^2- x^2, 1\/x^2 -a^2","datePublished":"2024-01-28T13:45:56+00:00","dateModified":"2024-01-28T13:46:35+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/physicscatalyst.com\/article\/integration-of-1-a2-x2\/"},"wordCount":752,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/physicscatalyst.com\/article\/#organization"},"articleSection":["Maths"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/physicscatalyst.com\/article\/integration-of-1-a2-x2\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/physicscatalyst.com\/article\/integration-of-1-a2-x2\/","url":"https:\/\/physicscatalyst.com\/article\/integration-of-1-a2-x2\/","name":"integration of 1\/a^2+ x^2, 1\/a^2- x^2, 1\/x^2 -a^2 - physicscatalyst&#039;s Blog","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/physicscatalyst.com\/article\/#website"},"datePublished":"2024-01-28T13:45:56+00:00","dateModified":"2024-01-28T13:46:35+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/physicscatalyst.com\/article\/integration-of-1-a2-x2\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/physicscatalyst.com\/article\/integration-of-1-a2-x2\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/physicscatalyst.com\/article\/integration-of-1-a2-x2\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/physicscatalyst.com\/article\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Maths","item":"https:\/\/physicscatalyst.com\/article\/maths\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"integration of 1\/a^2+ x^2, 1\/a^2- x^2, 1\/x^2 -a^2"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/physicscatalyst.com\/article\/#website","url":"https:\/\/physicscatalyst.com\/article\/","name":"physicscatalyst's Blog","description":"Learn free for class 9th, 10th science\/maths , 12th and IIT-JEE Physics and maths.","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/physicscatalyst.com\/article\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/physicscatalyst.com\/article\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/physicscatalyst.com\/article\/#organization","name":"physicscatalyst","url":"https:\/\/physicscatalyst.com\/article\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/physicscatalyst.com\/article\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/physicscatalyst.com\/article\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/cropped-logo-1.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/physicscatalyst.com\/article\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/cropped-logo-1.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"caption":"physicscatalyst"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/physicscatalyst.com\/article\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/PhysicsCatalyst","https:\/\/x.com\/physicscatalyst","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/thephysicscatalyst","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/physicscatalyst\/"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/physicscatalyst.com\/article\/#\/schema\/person\/9b302efdc9b32e459cb1e61ab7506d3f","name":"physicscatalyst","sameAs":["https:\/\/physicscatalyst.com","https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/PhysicsCatalyst","https:\/\/x.com\/physicscatalyst"]}]}},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false,"shareaholic-thumbnail":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"physicscatalyst","author_link":"https:\/\/physicscatalyst.com\/article\/author\/physicscatalyst\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Integration of 1\/a^2+ x^2, 1\/a^2- x^2, 1\/x^2 -a^2 can be obtained using trigonometric substitution, integration by partial fractions. The formula given are $\\int \\frac {1}{x^2 + a^2} dx = \\frac {1}{a} \\tan ^{-1} (\\frac {x}{a}) + C$ $\\int \\frac {1}{x^2 &#8211; a^2} dx = \\frac {1}{2a} ln |\\frac {x-a}{x+a}| + C$ $\\int \\frac {1}{a^2 &#8211;&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/physicscatalyst.com\/article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8930","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/physicscatalyst.com\/article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/physicscatalyst.com\/article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/physicscatalyst.com\/article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/physicscatalyst.com\/article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8930"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/physicscatalyst.com\/article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8930\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8933,"href":"https:\/\/physicscatalyst.com\/article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8930\/revisions\/8933"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/physicscatalyst.com\/article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8930"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/physicscatalyst.com\/article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8930"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/physicscatalyst.com\/article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8930"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}