# Class 10th Maths NCERT Solutions for Chapter 15 - Probability

This page contains probability class 10 ncert solutions from qiestions 1 to 8 on page number 308 Exercise 15.1
Qiestion 1
Complete the following statements:
1. Probability of an event E + Probability of the event ‘not E’ =…………….
2. The probability of an event that cannot happen is ……. Such an event is called ……..
3. The probability of an event that is certain to happen is……….     . Such an event is called …….
4. The sum of the probabilities of all the elementary events of an experiment is ………..
5. The probability of an event is greater than or equal to ……….and less than or equal to ………
Solution
1. We know that
The event $\bar A$, representing ‘not A’, is called the complement of the event A. We also say that $\bar A$ and A are complementary events. Also                                                             P(A) +P($\bar A$)=1
So answer is 1
2. The probability of an event (U) which is impossible to occur is 0. Such an event is called an impossible event                                                                     P(U)=0
3. The probability of an event ( X) which is sure (or certain) to occur is 1. Such an event is called a sure event or a certain event                                                                      P(X)=1
4. An event having only one outcome of the experiment is called an elementary event.  “The sum of the probabilities of all the elementary events of an experiment is 1.”
i.e. If we three elementary event A,B,C in  the experiment ,then
P(A)+P(B) +P(C)=1
5. Probability of any event can be as
$$0 \le P(E) \le 1$$
Question 2
Which of the following experiments have equally likely outcomes? Explain.
1. A driver attempts to start a car. The car starts or does not start.
2. A player attempts to shoot a basketball. She/he shoots or misses the shot.
3. A trial is made to answer a true-false question. The answer is right or wrong.
4. A baby is born. It is a boy or a girl
Solution
1. Not equally likely
2. Not equally likely
3. Equally likely as both have equal possibility
4. Equally likely as the baby born has equal possibility of boy or girl
Question 3
Why is toss ing a coin considered to be a fair way of deciding which team should get the ball at the beginning of a football game?
Solution
Since the possibility of getting head and tail are equally likely. It will be unbiased and unpredictable
Question 4
Which of the following cannot be the probability of the event
1. 2/3
2. -1.5
3. 15%
4. .7

Solution
(b) as probability cannot be negative
Question 5
If P(E) = 0.05, what is the probability  of ‘Not E’?
Solution
The event $\bar A$, representing ‘not A’, is called the complement of the event A. We also say that $\bar A$ and A are complementary events. Also
P(A) +P($\bar A$)=1
Here P(E) =.05
So P(Not E)=1 – P(E)
=1-.05=.95
Question 6
A bag contains lemon colored candies. Malini takes out one candy without looking into the bag. What is the probability that she takes out
1. An orange colored candy
2. An lemon colored candy

Solution
The bag does not contain any orange candy
1. So probability of getting orange candy is zero
2. Since she will always get lemon candy, probability is 1

Question 7
It is given that in a group of 3 students, the probability of 2 students not having the same birthday is .992.   What is the probability that 2 students have the same birthday?
Solution
Let A be the event 2 students not having the same birthday And B be the event 2 students having same birthday
These both the events are complimentary so
P(A)+P(B)=1
P(B)=1-.992=.008
Question 8
A bag contains 3 red balls and 5 black balls. A ball is drawn at random from the bag.  What is the probability that the ball drawn is
1. Red
2. No red

Solution:
Total number of balls in the bad n(B)=5+3=8
No of ball which are red =3
1. Let A be event of getting red ball Probability of getting red ball P(A)= No of red balls/Total number of balls= 3/8
2. Let B be the event of getting non red ball P(B) =No of black balls/ Total number of  balls=5/8