Notes
Assignments
Ncert Solutions
Revision sheet
Mensuration
- It is branch of mathematics which is concerned about the measurement of length ,area and Volume of plane and Solid figure
Perimeter
- The perimeter of plane figure is defined as the length of the boundary
- It units is same as that of length i.e. m ,cm,km
1 Meter
|
10 Decimeter
|
100 centimeter
|
1 Decimeter
|
10 centimeter
|
100 millimeter
|
1 Km
|
10 Hectometer
|
100 Decameter
|
1 Decameter
|
10 meter
|
1000 centimeter
|
Area
- The area of the plane figure is the surface enclosed by its boundary
- It unit is square of length unit. i.e. m2 , km2
1 square Meter
|
100 square Decimeter
|
10000 square centimeter
|
1 square Decimeter
|
100 square centimeter
|
10000 square millimeter
|
1 Hectare
|
100 squareDecameter
|
10000 square meter
|
1 square myraimeter
|
100 square kilometer
|
108 square meter
|
Perimeter and Area of Different Figure
N
|
Shape
|
Perimeter/height
|
Area
|
1
|
Right angle triangle
Base =b, Height =h
Hypotenuse=d
|
P=b+h+d
Height =h
|
A=(1/2)BH
|
2
|
Isosceles right angled triangle
Equal side =a
|
Height=a
|
A=(1/2)a1/2
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3
|
Any triangle of sides a,b ,c
|
P=a+b+c
|
A=[s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)]1/2
s=(a+b+c)/2
This is called Heron's formula (sometimes called Hero's formula) is named after Hero of Alexandria
|
4
|
Square
Side =a
|
-
|
A=a2
|
5
|
Rectangle of Length and breath L and B respectively
|
P=2L +2B
|
A=LX B
|
6
|
Parallelograms
Two sides are given as a and b
|
P=2a+2b
|
A= BaseX height
When the diagonal is also given ,say d
Then
A=[s(s-a)(s-b)(s-d)]1/2
s=(a+b+d)/2
|
7
|
Rhombus
Diagonal d1 and d2 are given
|
p=2(d12+d22)1/2
Each side=(1/2)(d12+d22)1/2
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A=(1/2)d1d2
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8
|
Quadrilateral
a) All the sides are given a,b,c ,d
b) Both the diagonal are perpendicular to each other
c) When a diagonal and perpendicular to diagonal are given
|
a) P=a+b+c+d
|
a)
A=[s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)(s-d)]1/2
s=(a+b+c+d)/2
b)A=(1/2)d1d2
where d1 and d2 are the diagonal
c)A=(1/2)d(h1+h2)
where d is diagonal and h1 and h2 are perpendicular to that
|
How to solve the Area and Perimeter problems
1) We must remember the formula for all the common figures as given above the table
2) Find out what all is given in the problem
3) Convert all the given quantites in the same unit
4) Sometimes Perimeter is given and some side is unknown,So you can calculate the sides using the Perimeter
5) If it is a complex figure ,break down into common know figures like square,rectangle,triangle
6) Sometimes we can find another side using pythogorus theorem in the complex figure
7) If common figure, apply the formula given above and calculate the area.
8) If complex figure, calculate the area for each common figure in it and sum all the area at the end to calculate the total area of the figure
Solved Examples
1) A right angle traingle has base 20 cm and height as 10 cm, What is the area of the traingle?
Solution
Given values B=20 cm
H=10 cm
Both are in same units
A=(1/2)BH=100 cm
2
2) Sides of traingles are in the ratio 12:17:25. The perimeter of the traingle is 540 cm. Find out the area of the traingle?
Solution
Let the common ration between the sides be y,then sides are 12y,17y,25 y
Now we know the perimeter of the triangle is given by
P=a+b+c
540=12y+17y+25y
or y=10 cm
Now Area of triangle is =[s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)]
1/2
Where s=(a+b+c)/2
Here s=270 cm
a=120 cm
b=170cm
c=250cm
Substituting all these values in the area equation,we get
A=9000cm
2
3) A equilateral triangle is having side 2 cm. What is the area of the triangle?
Solution:
We know that Are of equilateral triangle is given by
A=[(3)
1/2 a
2]/4
Substituting the values given above
A=(3)
1/2
We can summarize various method to calculate the Area of the Triangle
If you know the altitude and Base
|
Area =(1/2)BH |
| If you all the three sides |
A=[s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)]1/2
s=(a+b+c)/2
|
| If it is isoceles traingle with equal side a |
A=(1/2)a1/2 |
| If it is equilateral triangel with equal side a |
A=[(3)1/2 a2]/4 |
| If it is right angle triangle with Base B and Height H |
Area =(1/2)BH |
| |
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Class 9 Maths
Class 9 Science
