Modern Periodic Table | s,p,d,f Blocks Elements

Modern Periodic Law

Moseley, the English physicist showed that atomic number is more fundamental property of an element than its atomic mass. Therefore, the position of an element in the periodic table depends on its atomic number than its atomic mass.
So, Mendeleev Periodic Table was modified and it is called now Modern Periodic Table which states that
“The physical and chemical properties of elements are the periodic functions of their atomic numbers”
A modern version which is called Long Form of the Periodic Table is most widely used and accepted
 

Here are the features
1) Horizontal rows are called period. They were called series in Mendeleev Periodic Table. There are altogether 7 periods in the Periodic table
2) Vertical columns are called groups. Elements have similar outer electronic configuration are arranged in same groups. There are total 18 groups numbered 1 to 18.
All elements in a group have same properties in general.
Atomic no. & atomic size increases on going down the group (due to increase in no. of shells)
 18th group has insert gases.
3) The period corresponds to highest principle quantum number(n) of the elements in the period. The number of elements in the period is equal to the number of electrons which can be accommodated in the orbitals belonging to that electron shell

Period	Highest principle quantum number(n) or Principal Valence Shell	Total electrons possible	Number of elements
1	1	2(1s)	1
2	2	8(2s, 2p)	8
3	3	8(3s, 3p)	8
4	4	18(4s,3d,4p)	18
5	5	18(5s,4d,5p)	18
6	6	32(6s,4f,5d,6p)	32
7	7	32(7s,5f,6d,7p)	32(incomplete)

 
4) Within a period, electron is filled in same valence shells.
5) Within a period, atomic size decreases due to increase in effective nuclear charge.
 

NOMENCLATURE of ELEMENTS WITH Z> 100

Here is the notation of IUPAC nomenclature of elements

Digit	Name	Abbreviation
0	Nil	n
1	Un	u
2	Bi	b
3	Tri	t
4	Quad	q
5	Pent	P
6	Hex	h
7	Sept	s
8	Oct	o
9	Enn	e

 

Systematic Name in IUPAC is written as follow
a) The name is above table  of the various digits are written together in the order of which makes the atomic number
b) Finally ‘ium; is added at the end of the word

Electronic Configuration and Type Of elements

The elements in vertical column in the periodic tables called group shows similar chemical properties.
The similar properties are present as they have same type of electron distribution in the outermost shell.
We can classify it into four blocks

 

S – Block Elements

• General Electronic configuration  is  ns^1-2
• This block is situated at the extreme left of the periodic table and contains elements of group 1 and 2. Group I elements are known as alkali metals. Group II elements are known as Alkali earth metal.
• These elements are soft metals.
• They have low melting point and boiling point.
• They are highly reactive.
• Most of them give characteristics colors to the flame.
• They generally form ionic compounds.
• They are good conductors of heat and electricity.  
  

P – Block Elements

• General electronic configuration is ns² np^1-6
• This block is situated at the extreme right of the periodic table and contains elements of groups 13,14,15,16,17 and 18
• These compounds generally form covalent Bonds.
• They show variable oxidation state.
• They reactivity of element decreases down the group.
• Metallic character increaser down the group.
• On moving left to right in a period the metallic characters increase.  
  

D – Block Elements

• General Electronic Configuration is ns^0-2 (n – 1) d^1-10
• These are the elements from group 3-12 in the center of the periodic table
• These are all metals.
• They have high melting and boiling point.
• These compounds are generally paramagnetic in nature.
• These are generally used as catalyst.
• These generally form coloured lens and have variable oxidation stage.
• The elements of d-block are called d-transition elements

F – Block Elements

• General configuration – ns² (n – 1) d ^0-1 (n – 2) f ^1-14
• Lanthanoids series General Electronic Configuration – 6s² 5d^0-1 4f ^1-14
• Actinoids Series General Electronic Configuration – 7s² 6d^0-1 5f^1-14 These two series of elements are called inner transition elements
  
• Lanthanoid consist of elements from Ce₅₈ to Lu₇₁.
• Actinoid series consist of element from Th₉₀ to Lr₁₀₃
• All the elements are metals and properties are quite similar.
• Elements of actinoid series after uranium are radioactive and known as transuranium elements

118 elements and their symbols with Atomic Numbers

Elements	Symbol	Atomic Number
Actinium	Ac	89
Aluminum	Al	13
Americium	Am	95
Antimony	Sb	51
Argon	Ar	18
Arsenic	As	33
Astatine	At	85
Barium	Ba	56
Berkelium	Bk	97
Beryllium	Be	4
Bismuth	Bi	83
Bohrium	Bh	107
Boron	B	5
Bromine	Br	35
Cadmium	Cd	48
Calcium	Ca	20
Californium	Cf	98
Carbon	C	6
Cerium	Ce	58
Cesium	Cs	55
Chlorine	Cl	17
Chromium	Cr	24
Cobalt	Co	27
Copernicium	Cn	112
Copper	Cu	29
Curium	Cm	96
Darmstadtium	Ds	110
Dubnium	Db	105
Dysprosium	Dy	66
Einsteinium	Es	99
Erbium	Er	68
Europium	Eu	63
Fermium	Fm	100
Flerovium	Fl	114
Fluorine	F	9
Francium	Fr	87
Gadolinium	Gd	64
Gallium	Ga	31
Germanium	Ge	32
Gold	Au	79
Hafnium	Hf	72
Hassium	Hs	108
Helium	He	2
Holmium	Ho	67
Hydrogen	H	1
Indium	In	49
Iodine	I	53
Iridium	Ir	77
Iron	Fe	26
Krypton	Kr	36
Lanthanum	La	57
Lawrencium	Lr	103
Lead	Pb	82
Lithium	Li	3
Livermorium	Lv	116
Lutetium	Lu	71
Magnesium	Mg	12
Manganese	Mn	25
Meitnerium	Mt	109
Mendelevium	Md	101
Mercury	Hg	80
Molybdenum	Mo	42
Moscovium	Mc	115
Neodymium	Nd	60
Neon	Ne	10
Neptunium	Np	93
Nickel	Ni	28
Nihonium	Nh	113
Niobium	Nb	41
Nitrogen	N	7
Nobelium	No	102
Oganesson	Og	118
Osmium	Os	76
Oxygen	O	8
Palladium	Pd	46
Phosphorus	P	15
Platinum	Pt	78
Plutonium	Pu	94
Polonium	Po	84
Potassium	K	19
Praseodymium	Pr	59
Promethium	Pm	61
Protactinium	Pa	91
Radium	Ra	88
Radon	Rn	86
Rhenium	Re	75
Rhodium	Rh	45
Roentgenium	Rg	111
Rubidium	Rb	37
Ruthenium	Ru	44
Rutherfordium	Rf	104
Samarium	Sm	62
Scandium	Sc	21
Seaborgium	Sg	106
Selenium	Se	34
Silicon	Si	14
Silver	Ag	47
Sodium	Na	11
Strontium	Sr	38
Sulfur	S	16
Tantalum	Ta	73
Technetium	Tc	43
Tellurium	Te	52
Tennessine	Ts	117
Terbium	Tb	65
Thallium	Tl	81
Thorium	Th	90
Thulium	Tm	69
Tin	Sn	50
Titanium	Ti	22
Tungsten	W	74
Uranium	U	92
Vanadium	V	23
Xenon	Xe	54
Ytterbium	Yb	70
Yttrium	Y	39
Zinc	Zn	30
Zirconium	Zr	40

 

 

Also Read

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• Notes
  • Classification Of elements
  • Mendeleev’s Periodic Law
  • Modern Periodic Law
  • Nomenclature of elements Z> 100
  • S-block Elements
  • p-block Elements
  • d-block elements
  • f-block Elements
  • 118 elements and their symbols with Atomic Numbers
  • Periodic Trends in properties of element
  • Atomic Radius
  • Ionic Radius
  • Ionization Energy
  • Electron Gain Enthalpy
  • Electronegativity
  • Periodicity of Valence or Oxidation state
  • Diagonal Relationship
• Questions
  • Classification Of elements Class 11 Questions and Asnwers

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