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Question 1
A uniform hollow cylinder has a density $\rho$, a length L, an inner radius a, and outer radius b. Show that its moment of inertia about the axis of cylinder is $I=\frac {1}{2} \pi \rho L (b^4 -a^4)=\frac {1}{2} M(b^2 + a^2)$, where M is the mass of the cylinder. Solution
Noting that the mass M of the cylindrical shell is $\rho$ times the volume of the shell $\pi\rho L\left(b^2-a^2\right)$. The moment of inertia of a shell of thickness dr is $dl=\left(\rho2\pi rLdr\right)r^2$, the term in the parentheses being the mass of the thin shell. Then
$I=2\pi\rho L\int_{a}^{b}{r^3dr}=\frac{2\pi\rho L\left(b^4-a^4\right)}{4}$
Substituting for $\rho$, write
$I=\frac{\pi\rho L\left(b^2-a^2\right)\left(b^2+a^2\right)}{2}=\frac{M\left(b^2+a^2\right)}{2}$
Question 2
Starting from rest, a sphere rolls down a $30^0$ incline. What is the minimum value of coefficient of Static friction if there is to be no slipping? Solution
The problem is diagrammed in figure given below
We let denote the angular acceleration (clockwise positive) and a, denotes the linear acceleration along the inclined. If there is no slipping, then $v=\omega R$, where v and $\omega$ are the linear and angular velocities. Similarly, $a=\alpha R$, where a and $\alpha$ are the linear and angular accelerations. The translational acceleration is given by
$a=gsin{\theta}-\frac{f}{M}$,
Where f is the fractional force. Neither the sphere's weight nor the normal exert any torque about C, the centre of the uniform sphere. Therefore the angular acceleration is given by
$\alpha=\frac{fR}{I_c}=\frac{5f}{2MR} and a=\frac{5f}{2M}$
Solving the displayed equation for f we get $f=\frac{2}{5}Mgsin{\theta}$. The normal force $N=Mgcos{\theta}$, so. Since the maximum ratio $\left(\frac{f_{max}}{N}\right)$ consistent with pure rolling is $\mu_s$, we must have . For $\theta=30^0$, , so we can find $\left(\mu_s\right)_{min}=\frac{2}{7\sqrt3}=0.165$.
Question 3
A spool of mass M is resting on a horizontal surface. The spool has moment of inertia $MG^2c$ about its axis of symmetry. The spool is subjected to the rightward horizontal force of magnitude F, applied at a distance r above the axis.
(a) Show if there is no slippage between spools and surrounding surface, a leftward frictional force $f=\frac {F(G^2c -rR)}{G^2c +R^2}$ must act on the spool
(b) Show that the required fractional force f has the value zero for the particular $r_0$ of the distance r. Solution
(a) the translational form of Newton’s second law implies that $Ma_C=F-f$, while the rotational form implies that $Ff+fR=M{G^2}_C\alpha$ where $\alpha$ is angular acceleration. If there is no slippage, then $\alpha=\frac{a_C}{R}$.Solving this equation for f, we find
$f=\frac{F\left({G^2}_C-rR\right)}{\left({G^2}_C+R^2\right)}$ as described
(b) Where $r\equiv r_0=\frac{{G^2}_C}{R}$, the fractional force vanished.
Question 4
A circular disc of mass M and radius R revolves about its own axis with angular velocity $\omega$
Find out following
(a) Moment of Inertia about its own axis
(b) Kinetic energy of rotation
(c) Angular momentum of the disc about its own axis
(d) If a another disc of mass M and radius R is placed on this disk such that axis of rotation is along the same line, what will be the final Angular velocity of the system Solution
(a) Moment of inertia of the circular disc is given by
$I=\frac{1}{2}MR^2$
(b) $K=\frac{1}{2}I\omega^2$
So, $K=\frac{1}{4}MR^2\omega^2$
(c) $L=I\omega$
So, $L=\frac{1}{2}MR^2\omega$
(d) Moment of inertia of the second circular disc is given by
$I=\frac{1}{2}MR^2$
Now since no external torque is applied, Angular momentum will be conserved
$L_{before}=\frac{1}{2}MR^2\omega$
Let $\omega _{final}$ be the angular velocity of the system
Then , $L_{after}=(\frac{1}{2}MR^2+\frac{1}{2}MR^2)\omega_{final}$
Now
$L_{before}=L_{after}$
So
$\omega_{final}=\frac{\omega}{2}$
Question 5
A rod of length L and Mass M lies on a frictionless horizontal table. It is free to move in any way on the table. A small body of mass m moving with a velocity u collides in elastically with the rod .
(a) Find the velocity of the centre of mass of the rod
(b) Find the angular velocity of the rod about centre of mass Solution
Let v be the velocity of the centre of mass of the rod and $\omega$ be the angular velocity of the rod about centre of mass of the rod
Taking small body + rod as a system,
A) Since there is no external force present, Linear momentum will be conserved
B) Since there is no external torque present, angular momentum will be conserved
Velocity of the mass m after the collision
$=v +(L/2) \omega$
Now applying conservation of linear momentum
$mu=m[v +(L/2) \omega] + Mv$ ---(1)
Now applying the conservation of angular momentum about the point of collision
$0=\frac{ML^2}{12}\omega-\frac{MvL}{2}$
$\omega=\frac{6v}{L}$
Substituting this value in equation 1
$mu=m(v+\frac{6vL}{2L})+Mv$
$mu=mv+3mv+Mv$
$v=\frac{mu}{(4m+M)}$
So
$\omega=\frac{6mu}{L(4m+M)}$
Question 6
A uniform disc of Radius R and mass M is spinned to the angular velocity ω0 and then it is placed on a horizontal surface .The coefficient of friction between the disc and surface is μ. The pressure exerted by the disc on the surface can be regarded as uniform
(a) Find the moment of inertia of the disc about the rotating axis
(b) Find the angular deceleration of the disc
(c) Find the time in which disc will come to rest
(d) The kinetic energy of the disc t sec after the disc is placed on the surface Solution
When the disc is placed on the floor, frictional forces will oppose the motion of the disc.
It is the moment of the frictional force which brings the disc to rest
Let us consider a elementary strip of disc of thickness dr at a distance r from the centre
Now Area of the elementary strip=$2 \pi rdr$
Mass per unit area=$\frac {M}{\pi R^2}$
So mass of the elementary strip
$ =(\frac {M}{\pi R^2}) (2 \pi rdr)$
Frictional forces on this strip
$df=\mu (\frac {M}{\pi R^2}) (2 \pi rdr)g$
Now torque due to friction
$d \tau=df \times r = \mu (\frac {M}{\pi R^2}) (2 \pi rdr)gr$
The disc can be assumed to be made of several of these elementary discs
So total torque of the disc
$=\int{[\mu(\frac{M}{\pi R^2})(2\pi rdr)gr}$
$=\frac{2\mu Mg}{R^2}\int_{0}^{R}{r^2dr}$
$=\frac{2\mu Mg}{R^2}(\frac{R^3}{3})$
Now Torque
$\tau=I\alpha$ ----(1)
Moment of inertia of disc=$\frac{MR^2}{2}$
Substituting the above values in equation 1
We have
$\alpha=\frac{4\mu g}{3R}$
Since it is deceleration
$\alpha=-\frac{4\mu g}{3R}$
Now we know of rotational kinematics
$\omega=\omega_0+\alpha t$
Here $\omega=0$
So
$t=\frac{3\omega_0R}{4\mu g}$
Kinetic energy of the disc is given by
$=\frac{1}{2}I\omega^2$
Now
$I =\frac{MR^2}{2}$
Now we know of rotational kinematics
$\omega=\omega_0+\alpha t$
$\omega=\omega_0-\frac{4\mu gt}{3R}$
So Kinetic energy
$=\frac{1}{2}(\frac{MR^2}{2})(\omega_0-\frac{4\mu gt}{3R})^2$
$=\frac{MR^2}{4}(\omega_0-\frac{4\mu gt}{3R})^2$
Question 7
A uniform thin bar of mass M kg and length L is bent to make a square. Calculate its moment of inertia about an axis passing through the centre of mass and perpendicular to the plane of square Solution
Consider the figure given below
The length of each side=L/4
The mass of each side=M/4
The moment of inertia of any one of the side about an axis perpendicular to it (normal to the plane of paper) and passing through centre of mass of the side is given by
$I_1=\frac{ML^2}{12}=\frac{ML^2}{4*12*16}$
$=\frac{ML^2}{768}$
Now by the theorem of parallel axis, the moment of inertia of this side about an axis passing through centre O and perpendicular to the plane of square is given by
$I'=I_1+mh^2$
Now here h=L/8
So
$I'=\frac{ML^2}{768}+\frac{ML^2}{256}=\frac{ML^2}{192}$
So moment of inertia of the whole square about O =4I'=$\frac{ML^2}{48}$
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