Food Where Does It Come From Class 6 Notes Science Chapter 1

Why do we need Food

• We know that all living things be it plants and animals need food and water to live on.
• We need food because food gives us energy.
• The food we eat gives our body essential nutrients to help us grow and heal when we are injured or are ill.
• Thus food keeps us healthy and provides us with essential nutrients to fight diseases and maintain body functions.
• Food is a substance eaten by us to do work, growth, maintain our body and remain healthy.
• Food Definition:- It refers to the edible substances consumed by humans and other animals in order to obtain energy for various tasks as well as growth and development.
• We must NEVER WASTE food in any way.
• We must consume food four times a day to remain healthy -> Breakfast, Lunch, Evening Snacks, Dinner.

Importance Of Food

• The importance of food for living organisms is as follows:
  1. It helps in the growth of living organisms.
  2. It also helps to repair and replace damaged parts of the body.
  3. This provides the energy required for various activities.
  4. It provides protection from infections and various diseases.
  5. It helps in the overall growth and development of an organism.
• We must eat different kinds of food at different times for proper Nutrition.
• Different people eat different types of food according to their habits, lifestyle, taste, region, religion, availability and various other factors.
• Even in a single-family different people have different choices of food.

What are ingredients?

• Food Ingredients are the materials required to prepare the dish we consume as food.
• Food Ingredients can be obtained from plant sources and animal sources.
• To prepare food we need different kinds of ingredients For example - To cook vegetable curry we need different types of vegetables, salt, spices oil and so on. Another example is To prepare vegetable curry, we need different kinds of vegetables, salt, spices, oil
• Food is prepared using various Ingredients of food.
• The table given below shows some food items and major ingredients used to prepare them
  

  FOOD ITEM	Major Ingredients
  1. Boiled rice	Rice, water
  2. Dal	Pulses, water, spices, salt, oil
  3. Idli	Urad dal, Rice, Salt, Water
  4. Roti	Flour, water
  5. Chicken curry	Chicken meat, Salt, spices, oil, water
  6. Vegetable curry	Vegetables, spice, salt, oil, water
  7. Fish curry	Fish meat, spices, oil, water

Sources of Food

Let us now learn about food variety and food sources.

• Plants and animals are the two sources of our food materials. So, we obtain food from plants as well as animals.
• Milk, egg, meat, chicken, fish, prawn, beef, pork etc. are the food products that we get from animals.
• Grain, cereals, vegetables and, fruits are the source of food that comes from plants and plants products.

Plant Source

• For us, several parts of the plant serve as sources of food. We eat fruits, vegetables, cereals, and pulses etc, which are types of food that come from various portions of a plant.
• For example, we eat leafy vegetable, fruits, and some parts of plants like stem and roots.
• Green plants -> are called PRODUCERS because they prepare their own food using light, air (carbon dioxide), water, & chlorophyll (green pigment present in trees) by the process of photosynthesis.
• So, we can say that green plants are the primary source of food.
• FigurePlant-parts-as-food.png

  

• Table Given below shows various edible plant parts that serve as food sources for us.

  Parts of Plant	Food
  Roots	Carrot, Radish, sweet potato
  Stem	Banana, sugarcane, potato, ginger
  Leaves	curry leaves, amaranthus, lettuce, Fenugreek, spinach, green leaves of the mustard plant.
  Flowers	Cauliflower, Broccoli, the flower of banana plant, flowers of a pumpkin plant,
  Seeds	Chickpea, Maize, kidney beans, rice, wheat, millet, Bengal gram, groundnut
  Fruits	Apple, Banana, guava, mango, pomegranate, watermelon, peach
  Fruits termed as Vegetables	Brinjal, Tomatoes, Lady’s finger, pumpkin & chilly.

• When the seeds begin to grow (or germinate) by developing tiny roots, they are called Sprouts
• The food value of seeds can be increased by converting them into sprouts
• They are a rich source of vitamins like vitamin A, B & C
• The method of converting seed into sprouts is called Sprouting.

Animal Source

1. Meat – Goat, Chicken, Pork, Fish, Prawns etc. are part of the Non-vegetarian diet.
2. Egg – Eggs of Hen, Duck, Goose like meat are also part of the Non-vegetarian diet.
3. Milk – Dairy products obtained from Cow, Buffalo, Camel, Goat in a dairy farm
4. Honey – Bees collect nectar (sweet juices) from flowers, convert it into honey and store it in their hive.

Different Type Of Animals

• Animals are unable to produce their own food by the process of photosynthesis, they only consume food made by others, and hence called CONSUMERS.
• Animals are grouped into 3 categories based on their food habits.
  1. Herbivores - Herbivores Animals are those animals that feed on plants i.e, these are animals that eat only plants or plant products.
  2. Carnivores - Carnivorous animals are those animals who eat other animals. So, carnivores Animals that feed on other animals are called carnivores.
  3. Omnivores - animals that eat both plants and animals.
• Table given below shows examples of different types of animals
  

  Herbivores	Carnivores	Omnivores
  Cow	Lion	Peacock
  Deer	Tiger	Dog
  Giraffe	Wolf	Human

1. Herbivores like a cow, horse, and goat have wide, blunt teeth which are suitable for pulling plants off the ground and grinding them.
2. Herbivores like cow and camel have the ability to bring back previously swallowed food to the mouth for chewing it the second time. This helps them to absorb most of the nutrients from hard-to-digest food like grass.
3. Squirrels have a pair of broad, sharp-edged front teeth (incisors) in each jaw They use these teeth to gnaw food items like nuts.
4. Butterfly and hummingbird do not need to worry about chewing their food. They have mouth parts shaped like a straw to suck nectar from flowers.

1. The diet of carnivores is rich in fats and proteins
2. Carnivores animals like lion and tiger have sharp and pointed front teeth (canines). They also have sharp claws and powerful jaws which help them to tear flesh.
3. Carnivorous birds like eagle have curved, pointed beaks that allow them to tear flesh.
4. Carnivores like chameleon and frog have a long, sticky tongue that they use to catch insects.
5. Carnivorous fish like a shark has several small, sharp teeth that help them bite off chunks of flesh.
6. Carnivores such as snakes swallow their prey( prey are animal that is hunted or killed for food) whole.

1. Omnivores like a bear and human beings have different types of teeth that help them to eat both plants and the flesh of other animals.
2. Omnivorous birds like crow have a sharp and pointed beak to help them eat a
   variety of food.

1. Scavengers are birds and animals which eat the flesh of other dead animals. Eg: Vulture.
2. Decomposers are organisms that feed on and destroy (or decompose) dead plants and animals. E.g.: Fungi and bacteria
3. Both scavengers and decomposers play a very important role in cleaning the environment. Without them, our planet would be covered with dead plants and animals.

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