Components of food class 6 notes

Introduction to Components of Food

• All living organisms such as plants and animals require food. So, food is essential for all living organisms.
• The food that we eat consists of different components or nutrients.
• NUTRIENTS are required for proper growth and healthy body function.
• The process by which we obtain food and utilize it for growth and development is called nutrition.
• Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals are essential components of food, these components are called nutrients.
• In addition, food also contains dietary fibres and waters

Different Type of Food

Components of Food

• Provides energy to our body.
• There are two types of carbohydrates: SUGAR and STARCH
•  SUGAR: it is called SIMPLE carbohydrates. Source: fruits, honey, and table sugar
• STARCH:  it is called COMPLEX carbohydrate. Plants store energy in the form of starch. Source: Rice, wheat, corn, potato, and bread.
• If after adding iodine to the food, the food turns into blue-black colour, then it indicates that it contains starch.
• In our digestive system sugar and starch are broken down into glucose by various enzymes (substance produced by a living organism which helps to bring about a specific biochemical reaction)
• GLUCOSE is the SIMPLEST form of Carbohydrates
• It is then absorbed into the blood and provides us energy.

• Provides energy to our body.
• Fats are the slowest source of energy but the most energy-efficient form of food.
• Each gram of fat supplies the body with calories, more than twice that supplied by equal amount of proteins or carbohydrates.
• Food containing both carbohydrates and fat are called ‘ENERGY GIVING FOODS’
• There are of two types of FAT: SATURATED and UNSATURATED.
• SATURATED: Normally Solid at room temperature. E.g. butter and ghee.
• UNSATURATED:  Normally Liquid at room temperature. E.g., vegetable oil
• There are generally two types of source of fat : Plant & Animal
  
  1. Plant source: ground nut oil, Mustard oil, Sunflower oil, Coconut oil, Cashew, Soyabean
  2. Animal source: Butter, ghee, milk, cheese, egg yolk, Meat, fish.
• Excess body fat leads to a condition called Obesity. Obesity may lead to heart diseases.

• Protein is needed for growth and repair of our body.
• Food containing proteins are called ‘BODY BUILDING FOODS’
• Children require more protein because of the rapid growth of their body.
• Our Muscles, organs even bloods are made up of mostly proteins.
• There are generally two types of source of Protein: Plant & Animal
  
  1. Plant source: peas, soyabean, groundnut,
  2. Animal source: Milk, cheese, fish, meat, chicken, eggs
• Protein rich food -> put it in test tube and add some water -> heat the test tube for 1 min -> let it cool , then add two drops of COPPER SULPHATE solⁿ and SODIUM HYDROXIDE -> turn PURPLE /VIOLET to confirm presence of Protein.

• For proper functioning of our body we need vitamins in our diet.
• Vitamins keep us healthy.
• There are about 20 vitamins
• Vitamins are of two types: FAT-SOLUBLE and WATER – SOLUBLE.
  
  1. FAT- SOLUBLE: A,D,E,K Stored in fat tissues of our body.
     Our body prepares vitamin D in the presence of sunlight.

  2. WATER – SOLUBLE : B1,B2,B3,B6,B12, FOLIC ACID & VITAMIN C Not stored in body, so regular intake is necessary .

• Lack of vitamins in the body can cause deficiency disease.

• Minerals are nutrients that contain certain elements.
• They are required in small quantities in our diet.
• Their deficiency also leads to efficiency diseases.
• Minerals are of two types: MACRO-MINERALS & TRACE MINERALS
1. MACRO: Required more in amount by our body e.g., Calcium, magnesium, Sodium, Potassium

2. TRACE: Required in very small amount
   e.g., Iron, Zinc, Copper, Iodine

• Roughage is the fibrous matter in food which can’t be digested.
• Mainly made of an indigestible carbohydrate called ‘cellilose’ which is present in plant cell walls.
• It does not provide any nutrient to our body.
• It has no FOOD VALUE but its presence is essential in our food.
• Lack of fibers in our diet causes the stool to become hard & difficult to pass. This condition is called constipation.

• Water makes up almost 70 per cent of our body weight.
• It helps to transport substances inside our body.
• It helps our body to absorb nutrients from food.
• It helps to regulate our body temperature.
• It is needed for various chemical reactions that take place inside our body during digestion, excretion, etc.
• We get water not only from the liquids we drink but also from the food we eat. Milk, fruits, vegetables, and juices are good sources of water

What is Balanced Diet?

Deficiency diseases

• Deficiency of carbohydrates causes lack of energy and stamina.
• Deficiency of proteins causes kwashiorkor whereas combined deficiency of proteins and carbohydrates causes marasmus.
• Deficiency of vitamins can cause night blindness, beriberi, anemia, scurvy, and rickets.
• Deficiency of water can cause dehydration.
• Deficiency of minerals can cause osteoporosis, rickets, anaemia, and goiter.

Good Cooking Habits:

• Overheating, overcooking destroys nutrients and add extra calories at times.
• Vitamin C is destroyed due to overheating.
• Use of excess water is not desirable.
• Washing of rice and pulses repeatedly removes nutrients.
• Vegetables and fruits should be washed before cutting

.

Across
5. Dietary fibres are also known as ______
6. These protects the body from germs and diseases
8. They are body building food
9. The starch and sugar in food is called ______
Down
1. They are required for proper growth of body
2. Symptoms of Weak muscles and very little energy to work
3. Symptoms of Bleeding gums,wounds take longer time to heal
4. These are stored energy resources
7. carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals are called ______
Check your Answers

1.Minerals
2.Beriberi
3.Scurvy
4.Fats
5.Roughage
6.Vitamins
7.Nutrients
8.Proteins
9.Carbohydrates

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