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Circuit containing Capacitor and resistance in series|Alternating Current

Circuit containing capacitance and resistance in series

Figure below shows a circuit containing capacitor and resistor connected in series through a sinusoidal voltage source of voltage
V=V₀sin(ωt+φ)
In this case instantaneous P.D across R is
V_R=IR
and across the capacitor C is
V_C=I/ωC
In this case V_R is in phase with current i and V_C lags behind i by a phase angle 90₀
Figure 11(b) shows the phasors diagram where vector OA represent the resultant of V_R and V_C which is the applied Voltage thus

is called the impedance of the circuit
Again from the phasors diagram applied voltage lags behind the current by a phase angle φ given by
tanφ= V_C/ V_R=1/ωCR ---(18)