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Metals and Non Metals class 10 NCERT intext and exercise solutions

In this page we have NCERT Solutions(intext and exercise solutions) for Class 10 Metals and Non Metals . Hope you like them and do not forget to like , social share and comment at the end of the page.

NCERT intext Solutions

Page 40

Question 1
Give an example of a metal which
(i) is a liquid at room temperature.
(ii) can be easily cut with a knife.
(iii) is the best conductor of heat.
(iv) is a poor conductor of heat.
Answer
(i) Mercury
(ii) Sodium
(iii) Silver
(iv) Mercury and Lead

Question 2
Explain the meanings of malleable and ductile.
Answer
Metals and Non Metals class 10 NCERT solutions(intext and Exercise)

Metals and Non Metals class 10 NCERT solutions(intext and Exercise)

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Question 3
Why is sodium kept immersed in kerosene oil?
Answer
Sodium is kept immersed in kerosene as it is a high reactive element. If it is kept in open it can explosively react with oxygen to catch fire. Hence to prevent accidental damage sodium is immersed in kerosene oil.

Question 4.
Write equations for the reactions of
(i) iron with steam
(ii) calcium and potassium with water
Answer
(i) 3Fe (s)+ 4H₂O (g) → Fe₃O₄ (aq)+ 4H₂ (g)

(ii) Ca (s)+ 2H₂O (l) → Ca(OH)₂ (aq)+ H₂ (g)+ Heat
2K (s)+ 2H₂O (l) → 2KOH (aq)+ H₂ (g)+ Heat

Question 5
Samples of four metals A, B, C and D were taken and added to the following solution one by one. The results obtained have been tabulated as follows.

Use the Table above to answer the following questions about metals A, B, C and D.
(i) Which is the most reactive metal?
(ii) What would you observe if B is added to a solution of copper (II) sulphate?
(iii) Arrange the metals A, B, C and D in the order of decreasing reactivity.
Answer
We know that based on activity series, the relative position of the metals involved in solutions is
Zn > Fe > Cu > Ag
Now based on table given above, the reactive series is like
A > Cu and A < Fe
B >Fe and B < Zn
C > Ag and C < Fe, Zn, Cu
D < Fe, Zn, Cu, Ag
So the Final reactivity series will be like this
Zn > B > Fe >A > Cu > C > Ag > D

(i) B is most reactive metal.
(ii) B will displace copper from copper sulphate.
(iii)Arrangement of metals in the order of decreasing reactivity B>A>C>D.

Question 6.
Which gas is produced when dilute hydrochloric acid is added to a reactive metal? Write the chemical reaction when iron reacts with dilute H₂SO₄.
Answer
Hydrogen gas is evolved when dilute hydrochloric acid is added to a reactive metal.
When iron reacts with diluteH₂SO₄, iron (II) sulphate with the evolution of hydrogen gas is formed.

Fe (s)+ H₂SO₄ (dill) → FeSO₄ (aq)+ H₂ (g)

Question 7
What would you observe when zinc is added to a solution of iron (II) sulphate? Write the chemical reaction that takes place.
Answer
When zinc is added to iron (II) sulphate then it will displace the iron from iron sulphate solution as shown in the following chemical reaction.

Zn (s)+ FeSO₄ (aq) → ZnSO₄ (aq)+ Fe (s)

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Question 8
(i) Write the electron-dot structures for sodium, oxygen and magnesium.
(ii) Show the formation of Na₂O and MgO by the transfer of electrons.
(iii) What are the ions present in these compounds?
Answer
(i) The representation of elements with valence electrons as dots around the elements is referred to as electron-dot structure for elements.
Sodium ( 2,8,1)

Oxygen (2,6)

Magnesium ( 2,8,2)

(ii)
Na₂O
The two electron from 2 Na atoms are transferred to Oxygen
Metals and Non Metals class 10 ncert solutions

MgO
The two electron from Mg are transferred to Oxygen
Mg²⁺ and O^2- ions are formed

(iii) The ions present in Na₂O are Na⁺ and O^2- ions and in MgO are Mg²⁺ and O^2- ions.

Question 9
Why do ionic compounds have high melting points?
Answer
Ionic compounds have strong electrostatic forces of attraction between the ions. Therefore, it requires a lot of energy to overcome these forces. That is why ionic compounds have high melting points.

Page 53
Question 10
Define the following terms.
(i) Mineral
(ii) Ore
(iii) Gangue
Answer

Question 11
Name two metals which are found in nature in the free state.
Answer
The metals at the bottom of the reactivity series are mostly found in free state. For example: gold, silver, and platinum.

Question 12
What chemical process is used for obtaining a metal from its oxide?
Answer
A metal can be extracted from its oxide by the process of reduction.
$2\text{HgO} (s) \overset{heat}{\rightarrow} 2\text{Hg}(l)+ \text{O}_2 (g)$

Page 55
Question 13
Metallic oxides of zinc, magnesium and copper were heated with the following metals.

In which cases will you find displacement reactions taking place?
Answer

Question 14
Which metals do not corrode easily?
Answer
Metals which have low reactivity i.e. which are present at the bottom of the activity series such as silver, gold does not corrode easily.

Question 15
What are alloys?
Answer
An alloy is the homogeneous mixture of two or more metals or metals and nonmetals. For example, brass is an alloy of copper and zinc.

NCERT Solutions

Question 16
Which of the following pairs will give displacement reactions?
(a) NaCl solution and copper metal
(b) MgCl₂solution and aluminum metal
(c) FeSO₄solution and silver metal
(d) AgNO₃solution and copper metal.
Answer
(d) AgNO₃solution and copper metal as Cu is placed above Ag in activity series

Question 17
Which of the following methods is suitable for preventing an iron frying pan from rusting?
(a) Applying grease
(b) Applying paint
(c) Applying a coating of zinc
(d) all of the above.
Answer
(c) Applying a coating of zinc

Question 18
An element reacts with oxygen to give a compound with a high melting point. This compound is also soluble in water. The element is likely to be
(a) calcium
(b) carbon
(c) silicon
(d) iron
Answer
(a) calcium

Question 19
Food cans are coated with tin and not with zinc because
(a) zinc is costlier than tin.
(b) zinc has a higher melting point than tin.
(c) zinc is more reactive than tin.
(d) zinc is less reactive than tin.
Answer
(c) zinc is more reactive than tin.

Question 20
You are given a hammer, a battery, a bulb, wires and a switch.
(a) How could you use them to distinguish between samples of metals and non-metals?
(b) Assess the usefulness of these tests in distinguishing between metals and non-metals.
Answer
(a) With the hammer, we can beat the sample and if it can be beaten into thin sheets (that is, it is malleable), then it is a metal otherwise a non-metal. Similarly, we can use the battery, bulb, wires, and a switch to set up a circuit with the sample. If the sample conducts electricity, then it is a metal otherwise a non-metal.
(b) The above tests are useful in distinguishing between metals and non-metals as these are based on the physical properties. No chemical reactions are involved in these tests.

Question 21
What are amphoteric oxides? Give two examples of amphoteric oxides.
Answer
Those oxides that behave as both acidic and basic oxides are called amphoteric oxides.
Examples: aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃), zinc oxide (ZnO)

Question 22
Name two metals which will displace hydrogen from dilute acids, and two metals which will not.
Answer
Iron and aluminum will displace hydrogen from dilute acids as they more reactive then hydrogen i.e. they are above hydrogen in the activity series
Example

Zn(s) + H₂SO₄( aq) -> ZnSO₄ (aq) + H₂(g)
Mercury and copper cannot displace hydrogen from dilute acids as they are less reactive than hydrogen i.e. they are below hydrogen in the activity series

Question 23
In the electrolytic refining of a metal M, what would you take as the anode, the cathode and the electrolyte?
Answer
In the electrolytic refining of a metal M:
Anode → Impure metal M i.e., Crude metal
Cathode → Thin strip of pure metal M
Electrolyte → Solution of stable salt of the metal M

Question 24
Pratyush took sulphur powder on a spatula and heated it. He collected the gas evolved by inverting a test tube over it, as shown in figure below.

(a) What will be the action of gas on
(i) dry litmus paper?
(ii) moist litmus paper?
(b) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction taking place.
Answer
(a)(i) There will be no action on dry litmus paper.
(ii) The colour of litmus paper will turn red because sulphur is a non-metal and the oxides of non-metal are acidic in nature.
(b)

S (s)+ O₂(g) → SO₂ (g)

Question 25
State two ways to prevent the rusting of iron.
Answer
Two ways to prevent the rusting of iron are:
(1) By applying oil, grease, or paint, the surface becomes water proof and the moisture and oxygen present in the air cannot come into direct contact with iron. Hence, rusting is prevented.
(2) By coating with a layer of zinc metal, which prevents the iron to come in contact with oxygen and moisture. Hence, rusting is prevented. This is called galvanization

Question 26
What type of oxides are formed when non-metals combine with oxygen?
Answer
When non-metals are combined with oxygen then neutral or acidic oxides are formed. Examples of acidic oxides are NO₂, SO₂ and examples of neutral oxides are NO, CO etc.

Question 27
Give reasons
(a) Platinum, gold and silver are used to make jewelry.
(b) Sodium, potassium and lithium are stored under oil.
(c) Aluminum is a highly reactive metal, yet it is used to make utensils for cooking.
(d) Carbonate and sulphide ores are usually converted into oxides during the process of extraction.
Answer
(a) Platinum, gold, and silver are used to make jewellery because they are very lustrous. Also, they are very less reactive and do not corrode easily as they are placed at the bottom of the activity series
(b) Sodium, potassium, and lithium are very reactive metals and react very vigorously with air as well as water. Therefore, they are kept immersed in kerosene oil in order to prevent their contact with air and moisture.
(c) Though aluminum is a highly reactive metal, it is resistant to corrosion. This is because aluminum reacts with oxygen present in air to form a thin layer of aluminum oxide. This oxide layer is very stable and prevents further reaction of aluminum with oxygen. Also, it is light in weight and a good conductor of heat. Hence, it is used to make cooking utensils.
(d) Carbonate and sulphide ores are usually converted into oxides during the process of extraction because metals can be easily extracted from their oxides rather than from their carbonates and sulphides.

Question 28
You must have seen tarnished copper vessels being cleaned with lemon or tamarind juice. Explain why these sour substances are effective in cleaning the vessels.
Answer
Copper reacts with moist carbon dioxide in air to form copper carbonate and as a result, copper vessel loses its shiny brown surface forming a green layer of copper carbonate.

2Cu + H₂O + CO₂ + O₂ -> Cu(OH)₂CuCO₃
Now The citric acid present in the lemon or tamarind neutralizes the basic copper carbonate and dissolves the layer. The acid basically reacts with Copper carbonate to form a salt which is easily washed away with water.

That is why, tarnished copper vessels are cleaned with lemon with tamarind juice to give the surface of the copper vessel its characteristic lustre.

Question 29
Differentiate between metal and non-metal on the basis of their chemical properties.
Answer

Question 30
A man went door to door posing as a goldsmith. He promised to bring back the glitter of old and dull gold ornaments. An unsuspecting lady gave a set of gold bangles to him which he dipped in a particular solution. The bangles sparkled like new but their weight was reduced drastically. The lady was upset but after a futile argument the man beat a hasty retreat. Can you play the detective to find out the nature of the solution he had used?
Answer
The solution he had used was Aqua regia. Aqua regia is Latin word which means ‘Royal Water’. It is the mixture of concentrated Hydrochloric acid(HCL) and concentrated nitric acid(HNO3) in the ratio of 3:1. It is capable of dissolving metals like Gold by forming soluble auric chloride(AuCl3) Since the outer layer of the gold bangles is dissolved in aqua regia so their weight was reduced drastically.

Question 31
Give reasons why copper is used to make hot water tanks and not steel (an alloy of iron).
Answer
Copper does not react with cold water, hot water, or steam. However, iron reacts with steam. If the hot water tanks are made of steel (an alloy of iron), then iron would react vigorously with the steam formed from hot water.3Fe+ 4H₂O → Fe₃O₄+ H₂O
That is why copper is used to make hot water
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